Page 10 - Handbook_EN

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- the manager is based on control, the leader inspires confidence;

- the manager has short-term visions, the leader privileges long- term visions;

- the manager asks "how?" and "when?", the leader asks "what?" and "why?"
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Lunenburg (2011) concluded that it is not essential that leaders are good managers and
vice versa but a combination of effective leadership and management can contribute effectively
to an organization’s success. Kotterman [5] provided some differences between managers and
leaders (Figure 1).

The two notions are not mutually exclusive. In practice it is very likely that leaders and
managers are characterized by the same qualities and abilities. But there is a difference,

however, is the extent to which they are intertwined. Thus, there is the opinion that leaders are
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specific conceptual and human abilities, and managers, technical, action, operational.

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Figure 1. Some differences between leadership and management Kotterman, J., (2006)

Also, the qualities of a leader are clearly visible in those situations that involve rapid and
extensive changes in crises, while the qualities of the manager are visible in day-to-day, banal,
current situations. Hence, the idea those managers predict or diminish the risks, while leaders
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assume these risks.