Page 9 - Handbook_EN

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choosing it

Relations Manifests empathy, gives Poor emotional involvement in
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with others
meaning to actions and events
relationships with the others
Self-
Manifesting an acute need to maintain the
Manifests a low self-identity,
focusing on change
perception
present order, a pronounced

Conservatism
2.1.1. Types of leaders and managers
Based on 7S, Watson [3] concludes while managers have characteristics of the first three S
(strategy, structure, and system), leaders are more towards the last four S: style, staff, skills,
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shared goals.

According with Peter Drucker's opinion "leadership is doing the right thing, while
managing is doing things right”, Covey was talking about" leadership is investing the effort on
the right track, management is the amount of effort spent."

In 1988, John P. Kotter [4] emphasized that management is different from leadership in
that it is "more formal, more scientific, and therefore universal." In this way, management is
based on a set of explicit tools and techniques, determined by analytical testing and analysis,
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with having the charisma or other exotic personality traits. It`s not the province of a chosen few. teachers-leaders.eu
which can be used as such in different situations, both in the business world and in the public
sector.

On the other hand, Kotter (1990) argues that leadership is a process that aims to develop
a vision for the organization; align people with that vision and motivate people to action
through the basic need fulfilment. Leadership is not mystical or mysterious. It has nothing to do

Nor is leadership necessarily better than management or a replacement for it: rather, leadership
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and management are two distinctive and complementary activities. Both are necessary for
success in an increasingly complex and volatile business environment [6].

Other opinions (Bennis and Nanus, 2012) regarding the two notions are:

- managers manage, while leaders innovate;

- the manager is a copy, the leader is the original;

- the manager maintains, the leader develops;
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